![]() 6 Given the public health burden, we review advances in diagnosis, treatment, and areas of uncertainty in septic shock from January 2010 to June 2015. ![]() A recent Burden of Diseases article found that primary risk factors for septic shock (ie, infection) is the fifth leading cause of years of productive life lost due to premature mortality. 5 Septic shock occurs in more than 230 000 US patients each year, with more than 40 000 US deaths annually. We focus this review on septic shock, which is the most common cause of noncardiogenic shock and has several of the Blalock and Weil physiologic constructs at the same time. 3, 4 Although these categories are valuable teaching concepts, the diagnosis of shock is far more complex. 2 By the mid-20th century, Blalock and Weil organized shock into distinct constructs: cardiogenic, obstructive, hypovolemic, or vasogenic. Historically, shock was attributed to a neurologic response to injury, vasomotor changes to the circulation, or a problem of missing blood. 1 The typical presentation is hypotension (low systolic ≤90 mm Hg) or mean arterial blood pressure (≤65 mm Hg) accompanied by clinical signs of hypoperfusion. Shock is life-threatening circulatory failure with inadequate tissue perfusion.
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